Thyroid problems mainly occur in two forms:
1. Hypothyroidism
This is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones.
Causes:
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: An autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland.
Iodine deficiency: A decrease in the amount of iodine in the diet.
Other treatments: Surgery or radiation therapy may be required to remove the thyroid gland.
Symptoms: Extreme fatigue, weight gain, inability to tolerate cold, hair loss, dry skin, constipation, and depression.
2. Hyperthyroidism
This is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too many hormones.
Causes:
Graves’ disease: An overactive thyroid gland due to a malfunction in the immune system.
Thyroid nodules: Small lumps form in the gland.
Symptoms: Sudden weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, heat intolerance, trembling hands, insomnia, diarrhea.
Other causes of thyroid problems
Genetic factors: If someone in the family has thyroid problems, you are more likely to develop them.
Psychological stress: Excessive stress can affect hormonal balance.
Diet: Lack or excessive consumption of iodine-rich foods.
Pregnancy: Thyroid problems can occur due to hormonal changes during pregnancy.
What can be done?
Blood tests: Get a blood test as directed by your doctor to check the levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH.
Proper medication: Take the medications prescribed by the doctor on time. Never stop taking the medication on your own.
Diet: Include iodine-rich foods (sea fish, salt) only as advised by the doctor.
Exercise: Yoga and light exercises can help improve hormonal balance.
